3rd July 2008
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3rd July 2008 |
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Medieval Archaeology welcomes original submissions of international significance, or national significance and of international interest, which match the objectives of the Society. We seek to support and advance the international study of the period from the 5th to the 16th century AD. While we maintain a special concern for the medieval archaeology of Britain and Ireland, we also provide a forum for the discussion of important finds and developments within this period from anywhere in the world, serving as a medium for co-ordinating the work of archaeologists and that of historians and scholars in any other discipline relevant to this field. All contributions are subject to peer review.
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List of contents Editorial and publishing process Reviews - submissions and procedures Medieval Archaeology house style Appendix 1: Questions we will ask peer reviewers to address Appendix 2: Summary of editorial cycle Appendix 3: Checklist for submission of a contribution to Medieval Archaeology Appendix 4: How to capitalise and hyphenate periods
Editorial and publishing process We welcome articles and notes that present novel interpretations, applications of an analytical method or present new findings (see Martyn Jope Award). As a guideline, normally papers will not be longer than 12,000 words including notes, although there will be exceptional circumstances, including when a grant is available to support publication. A note will tend to be under 4000 words. (Send your news items, including preliminary interpretations of new discoveries, etc to the Newsletter Editor.) We also welcome offers of reviews. Contacting us
Articles and Notes Our editorial cycle The annual deadline for submission to the Editor is 28 February (see details). The next steps are normally: Ÿ after a preliminary sift for suitability, we send your paper to up to two anonymous referees and ask them to address a series of questions Ÿ assuming provisional acceptance of your paper, we ask you to return your revised text by the end of October Ÿ we will confirm in December whether we have accepted your revised paper for publication the following year Ÿ over the next couple of months the Editor is likely to contact you with queries or corrections about the detail of the paper Ÿ we will notify you in March if you are the winner of the Martyn Jope Award Ÿ you receive proofs for correction in July Ÿ your paper is published in November.
Martyn Jope Award From 2007, the Society annually awards the Martyn Jope award of £200 for the best novel interpretation, application of analytical method or presentation of new findings published in its journal. The Editorial Committee of the Society considers all submitted articles and notes for eligibility. Our President makes a presentation at the December AGM, very shortly after publication of the award-winning paper.
Unless we receive your paper by 28 February, we unfortunately cannot guarantee to consider it for this award.
The John Hurst Award for best undergraduate dissertation in medieval archaeology
Helping each other It is essential that your submitted contributions strictly follow our guidelines. This is to avoid unnecessary costs and delays, as well as to ensure the most effective use of the Editor's unpaid time. For the same reason it is highly desirable that submissions follow the editorial cycle, since the Editor does not necessarily have the flexibility or capacity to deal with late submissions. If you are uncertain about anything, please ask, since this can help us to improve our guidelines for others. Rather than delay publication of the journal, we return seriously deficient presentations to you and may withdraw these.
Stage 1: contacting us about your proposal We positively encourage you to contact the Editor to discuss possible contributions or drafts before submitting a finished typescript, particularly if the proposed contribution is likely to be over 12,000 words: Ÿ outline the proposed paper's content (note: we publish few excavation reports, and then only when the site is very special). Ÿ state what contribution it makes to the issue or problem addressed (and with reference to the Society's objectives, including how the study is of national/international significance) (in the case of an excavation report, what makes this site so special) Ÿ indicate the paper's likely word length, including notes, and number of illustrations Ÿ identify when you plan to submit Ÿ tell us whether or not its publication would be grant-aided (note: such funding is not a pre-requisite for publication, but there is an expectation that papers resulting from commercial work undertaken by units and by major public bodies will bring funding).
Stage 2: submitting your paper for refereeing Remember, all submissions must follow our house style. Use this checklist to ensure what you are submitting is complete and of the highest order. Please submit the following: Text Two single-sided, unbound, A4-size hard copies of text with endnotes and bibliography, plus copy on CD Rom (or this can be emailed). Supply the bibliography as a separate electronic file from the rest of the text. Text must: Ÿ have margins of at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) on all sides. Ÿ be fully double-spaced. Ÿ 12 pt font throughout (10 characters to the inch) Ÿ indent beginning of all paragraphs one tab stop. Ÿ have numbered pages. Ÿ have no running headers or footers. Ÿ be submitted electronically as either MS Word or Rich Text Format. Ÿ be justified to the left-hand margin only. Ÿ have hyphenation function to OFF and no words broken over line ends (Hint: Format > Paragraph > Line and page breaks > Don't hyphenate).
It is essential that the text files be as free of extraneous formatting codes as possible. Use italics only for sections of the article that are to appear in italics in the printed version. Bold text may be used where required, eg for the transliteration of runic or ogham inscriptions.
Distinguish headings and subheadings as follows: Ÿ [H1]/subhead A,caps, centred Ÿ [H2]/subhead B,small caps,range left Ÿ [H3]/subhead C,upper and lower caseitalic, range left Ÿ [H4]/subhead D,upper and lower case roman (ie normal text), range left
Captions As text, but please provide separate lists of captions for figures and tables, and associated electronic files. These must cite names of photographers and illustrators, and any copyrights and permissions. Ensure there is a reference within the body of the text to each figure or table.
Please supply captions for your illustrations as below, noting particularly the details of punctuation and the other abbreviations used.
FIG 3
FIG 4
Tables As text, but separate hard copies and electronic file(s), even if they contain text and figures only and can be provided in word-processed form. Note page size when preparing tables (see illustrations, below).
Illustrations (drawings and photographs) In the first instance, submit two hard copies of illustrations for the Editor and referees to use. Ensure it is clear which illustration is which. Only once we have provisionally accepted your paper will we ask you to submit original artwork (hard copies or digitised copy on CD). Never send digitised images electronically to the Editor, unless asked to do so. It is particularly important for electronically supplied images that there is a printout indicating any cropping and adding figure number for identification. Illustrations must: Ÿ be a good design and quality. Ÿ be a high standard for reproduction. Ÿ supplied ready mounted, where applicable Ÿ include north point and metric scale (except maps, in which a scale in kilometres is preferred); include a metric scale in all artefact illustrations to avoid error in reduction if a proportional scale only is given. Ÿ on scales, remember to include a space between measurement and unit of measurement
Electronic images must: Ÿ be in tiff or jpg format (if at correct resolution) Ÿ have minimum scanning resolution of 1200 dpi for fine line drawings (800 dpi for simple drawings); 350-400 dpi for half tones and 300 dpi for colour images Ÿ be supplied as CYMK not RGB, if colour images.
In working out sizes for figures, remember that the maximum area available in the journal for any one figure or plate is 191 mm by 135 mm. However, the optimum area is 180 mm by 135 mm, to allow appropriate space for captions and other necessary printed details. Use the captions and not the artwork for the title of figures. Consider too whether your key can go in the caption. Large scales waste space so tuck them into empty corners. We only accept figures and tables requiring foldouts in exceptional cases. In composite figures, place the drawings (already mounted) as closely as possible together, remembering that, on reduction, they will appear further apart. Do lettering and numbering of items on figures before submission to us. Take care to ensure that the letters and numbers are sufficiently clear and large to be distinctly legible when reduced. Only give imperial measures for the illustrations of features or smaller objects if there are special historical reasons for doing so. Number the copies of illustrations provided in pencil on the back to correspond with the caption numbers. We strongly advise you to retain copies of all illustrative material. Once your paper is accepted, you must supply the Editor with original drawings; photocopies, etc are inadequate for reproduction purposes.
Confirmation of copyright and permissions The lead author is responsible for ensuring that all copyrights are correct and that the necessary permissions are in place. Maney, our publisher, will ask you to sign a copyright form near to publication (this will also address the copyright of the paper to be published in Medieval Archaeology).
Stage 3: submitting your revised paper for publication After the Editor has notified you that your paper has been provisionally accepted, and once you and the Editor have mutually agreed the changes required, you submit a revised version of the article, as Stage 2.
Stage 4: checking your proofs We email you proofs as pdf files (to the nominated lead author, if there is more than one of you). We supply these for checking and making essential typographical corrections. You must normally post corrected paper copies of proofs to the Editor within one week of receipt. We do not normally accept revisions, alterations or changes to text or illustrations at this stage. If you require these, you must agree them with the Editor, but you may incur the publisher's costs.
Stage 5: publication of your paper You receive a free pdf file of your paper (normally about three weeks after publication). Maney will send you a letter with the pdf explaining you how you can use it. For example, you can distribute and post it on your own or your organisation's websites but must not use it for commercial purposes. You will also be able to order digitally printed offprints from Maney at the time you check your proofs. (Note: the pdfs you receive will be low-resolution, suitable for on-screen viewing) Please note that we do not normally return submitted materials.
Medieval Britain and Ireland - submissions and procedures Medieval Britain and Ireland is designed to provide a resource of summaries of work carried out each calendar year across Britain and Ireland. Entries in journal format are requested from units, museums, groups, etc. for the various county entries. There are two formats now for Medieval Archaeology journal: the main one is the on-line MB&I hosted by ADS which will list in searchable form all entries; the second is the 'Highlights' section, which features extended reports of up to 2500 words length and supported by extra illustrations on sites/excavations/materials of regional and national value; key to these entries is the clear discussion of the context of the material discussed. These Highlights each year will aim to cover new evidence from urban, rural, religious, Saxon, Viking or medieval contexts. Contributors are welcome to contact the editors on their proposed texts, but it is essential to submit full reports by the end of April each year. MB&I entries of traditional format to be published in the ADS database are required to be submitted by the end of May each year; a recommended maximum word length is 750 words; supporting images are welcome. It is essential that all submissions conform to the journal's house style.
For all submissions and queries on submissions, please contact:
British sites Märit Gaimster, 9 Cranfield Road, Brockley Cross, London SE14 1TN. Email: mgaimster@pre-construct.com
Irish sites Kieran O'Conor with Rory Sherlock, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Email: Kieran.d.oconor@nuigalway.ie
Reviews - submissions and procedures Medieval Archaeology annually offers reviews of a full selection of books, editions, excavation monographs and reports, and other sources, to provide clear summary critical guides to new published works on British, Irish and overseas medieval archaeology and related studies. We receive books for review throughout the year from publishers; the Reviews Editor also directly requests them from publishers.
Reviews are generally short (400 words) or medium length (800-1000) reviews, but longer reviews or review articles are also requested (for example, when two or more related publications are considered). Normally the Reviews Editor seeks reviewers; however, we welcome requests by potential reviewers. Requests by the Reviews Editor will be for the submission of a review by email/cd/disk within three months of the receipt of the book. The Reviews Editor will supply the form of the title to use in the journal and that should appear at the head of the review. It is essential that reviewers follow the Society's house style because this saves time in preparation for publication; we may return for correction submissions that do not do this. Please note that only in larger reviews may headings or references be used.
There are three main submission dates: mid-October, mid-January, and late March. We then submit reviews to the publishers in May/June. The Reviews Editor will undertake any required editing of submissions; only where changes are substantial or for discussion will reviewers receive edited texts for comment. We do not normally send out proofs. Publishers receive copies of the published reviews, but not the individual reviewers.
Medieval Archaeology house style Writing and presentation style Think of your reader: make your text digestible and understandable, including for the non-specialist. Follow the principles of plain English: Ÿ use 'active' verbs (instead of 'passive' ones) (Hint: Tools > Options > Spelling & Grammar > Writing style > Grammar & Style - this will underline passive phrases.) Ÿ use a good average sentence length (about 15-20 words) Ÿ use everyday words Ÿ avoid turning verbs into nouns or noun phrases, ditto adjectives (Hint: such words often end in '-tion' or '-ness', phrases in '… of') Ÿ use first and second pronouns (I, me, we, us, you) Ÿ give information in logical order Ÿ use lists and bullet points Ÿ think of your audience Ÿ be personal and polite Avoid unnecessary references. Give bibliographical references only to support factual or illustrative material or to acknowledge a source, not to justify a particular opinion merely by showing that others have held it too. Do not use the ampersand [&].
Order of contents of text
Ÿ Preliminary page: title of paper, name of author(s), short institutional affiliation of each author, abbreviated title (for running headlines within each article), word count of the article and, at the bottom of the page, full name and address to which all correspondence should be sent, including email address Ÿ Title Ÿ By [author(s)] (Address then <email> of author(s) to appear in italic as first of notes; separate note for each author) Ÿ Abstract (in italics) (not required for Notes) Ÿ Text [Do not include an Introduction heading, since it will be obvious what this is] Ÿ Acknowledgements Ÿ List of Notes (when published, we convert your submitted endnotes to footnotes, but you submit them as endnotes because they are easier for us to check) Ÿ Bibliography - Published sources - Unpublished sources - Abbreviations Ÿ Grant acknowledgement: This paper is published with financial assistance from [name of sponsoring body] Ÿ Appendices [incorporate references into the Notes and Bibliography for the whole article] Ÿ List of figure and table captions [in separate files]
References From Vol 52, the journal uses the Harvard system for articles, notes and the Portable Antiquities section of Medieval Britain and Ireland (the very occasional references cited in the rest of Medieval Britain and Ireland, and the Reviews section, are embodied in the main text). Use our standard abbreviations (see also below). Within the text indicate references and notes by a superscript arabic numeral following any punctuation, and in one consecutive sequence. In the endnotes refer to publications by author, year, and page. Capitalise all nouns and adjectives in book and journal titles, but only capitalise first word and proper nouns in article titles.
Examples:
1 Hines 2004, 5. 2 Barnes and Page 2005, 189; Ritchie, A 1985; Ritchie, G 2001. 3 Henderson 2004, 161; 2005, 69-71. 4Clancy and Márkus 1995, 135; Hall et al 2005, 293; Hinton 1983. 5 Whitfield 1995, fig 10; Hurst 1964a, pl 13:4; Rod McCullagh, pers comm. 6 cf Pestell 2003.
Do not use idem, op cit., passim. Use et al (in the notes, not full references) after the first of three or more authors. Avoid roman numerals, unless arabic would mislead. Give complete numerical range of pages cited (not 183-; nor 183seq). Omit author's initials and 'ed'. 7 eg Ritchie 1994, figs 8-9. 8 Note also that Kilnasaggart has encircled crosses on both faces.
Cite primary sources notes by abbreviated location and description, and numbering (if applicable). 9 Chron Melrose, xxxiii-xxxiii. 10 PRO PC/1/3/45/9. List in full all publications listed in Bibliography at the end of the article; likewise all references listed in the Bibliography must be referred to in the text. Authors are responsible for ensuring these are accurate. NB: do not inset any references (the publishers require unformatted text and will arrange this themselves). List references alphabetically by the (first) author on a separate sheet, double-spaced, and cite them in the following form, capitalisation, and punctuation:
Periodical articles Abbreviate the titles of journals consistently following the Council for British Archaeology's conventions [Signposts for Archaeological Publication, Appendix A; and in the British and Irish Archaeological Bibliography], except use Scot for Scotland and Scott for Scottish. This practice should be extended to journals not included within the CBA's published list of abbreviations, and thus, as appropriate, to foreign journals: eg Frühmittelalterliche Stud for Frühmittelalterliche Studien.
Anderson, S and Rees, A R 2004, 'The excavation of a medieval rural settlement site at Portmuck, Islandmagee, Country Antrim', Ulster J Archaeol 63, 76-113. For parts published separately Bradley, J 2001, 'Archaeology, topography and building fabric: the cathedral and town of medieval Kildare', J Kildare Archaeol Hist Soc 19:1 (2000-1), 27-47. Lelong, O 2003, 'St Trolla's Chapel, Kintradwell: the occupants of the medieval burial ground and their patron saint', Scott Archaeol J 25:2, 147-63. [Space between author's initials. Lower case for title of article. Initial capitals for journal title. Arabic numerals for volume and part, separated by a colon. Volume number in bold. Only add date of journal in brackets after volume number if the volume covers more than one year]
Convert all roman volume numbers into arabic.
Contributions within another author's article Church, M 2004, 'Summary and discussion of palaeoenvironmental analyses', in Alexander 2004, 73-4. The main article with its page numbers must be included in the Bibliography as a separate reference. Alexander, D 2004, 'Redcastle, Lunan Bay, Angus: the excavation of an Iron Age timber-lined souterrain and a Pictish barrow cemetery', Proc Soc Antiq Scot 135, 41-118.
Monographs Cramp, R 2006, Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Sculpture, 7. South-West England, Oxford: British Academy. Gaimster, M 1998 Vendel Period Bracteates on Gotland, Acta Archaeologica Lundensia, Stockholm, Almqvist and Wiksell. Gilchrist, R and Sloane, B 2005, Requiem: The Medieval Monastic Cemetery in Britain, London: Museum of London Archaeology Service. Glassie, H 1975, Folk Housing in Middle Virginia, Knoxville (Tennessee): The University of Tennessee Press. [ie Title: sub-title. Initial Capitals for title, followed by Place of publication: Name of publisher. Bracket US state after place. Omit from name of publisher: Publishers, Co, Inc or Ltd Retain Books or Press. Volume number in bold]
Foreign titles Capitalise following the conventions of the language concerned. When in doubt, give titles exactly as they appear on the volumes concerned. For non-western European languages, put translations of the titles in English in square brackets. Bourke, C 1982 ‚ 'Les cloches à main de la Bretagne primitive', Bulletin de la Société Archéologique du Finistère, 110, 339-53. Gerrard, C M 2003, Paisaje y senorio. La casa conventual de Ambel (Zaragoza): arquitectura e historia de las ordenes militares del Temple y del Hospital, Zaragoza: Institucion Fernando el Catolico (CSIC). Lunde, Ø 1977, Trondheims fortid i bygrunnen: middelaldbyens topografi på grunnlag av det arkeologiske materialet inntil 1970, Riksantivaren Skrifter 2, Trondheim: Adresseavisens forlag. Nicolay, N de 1568, Les Quatre Premiers Livres de navigations et pérégrinations orientales, Lyon: Guillaume Roville. Trier, B (ed) 1995, Grabungskampagne Paderborn 1994, Münster: Ardey. Van Ossel, P (ed) 1999, Les Jardins du Carrousel (Paris). De la campagne à la ville: la formation d'un espace urbain, Paris: Maison des sciences de l'homme. Verbeek, A 1967, 'Die architektonische Nachfolge der Aachner Pfalzkapelle', in Braunfels, 113-56.
Monograph series Crone, A 2000, The History of a Scottish Lowland Crannog: Excavations at Buiston, Ayrshire 1989-90, Scott Trust Archaeol Res Monogr 4. Christie, N (ed) 1991, Three South Etrurian Churches: Santa Cornelia, Santa Rufina and San Liberato, Archaeol Monogr Brit School Rome 4. Driscoll, S T 2002, Excavations at Glasgow Cathedral 1988-1997, Soc Medieval Archaeol Monogr 18. Friell, J P G and Watson, W G (eds) 1984, Pictish Studies: Settlement, Burial and Art in Dark Age Northern Britain, Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser125. Rodwell, W and Rodwell, K 1977, Historic Churches: A Wasting Asset, Counc Brit Archaeol Res Rep 19. [Spell out acronyms or list in Abbreviations. Omit Place of publication and Name of publisher]
Chapters in multi-authored books Thomas, G 2000, 'Anglo-Scandinavian metalwork from the Danelaw: exploring social and cultural interaction', in Hadley and Richards 2000, 237-55. Higgitt, J 1995, 'Monasteries and inscriptions in early Northumbria, the evidence of Whitby', in Bourke 1995, 221-36. When citing a chapter from a collection, the full reference to the collection must be included in the Bibliography as a separate reference. Bourke, C (ed) 1995, From the Isles of the North: Early Medieval Art in Ireland and Britain, Belfast: HMSO. Hadley, D M and Richards, J D (eds) 2000, Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, Studies in the Age Middle Ages, Turnhout: Brepols. References to editions and/or translations of ancient authors and sources In endnote: Adomnán, Life of Columba, Book III, chapter 23, 225, in Sharpe. In bibliography: Adomnán, Adomnán of Iona. Life of St Columba, ed R Sharpe, London: Penguin, 1995. Gildas, De excidio Britanniae, ed and trans M Winterbottom, The Ruin of Britain and Other Works, London, 1978.
References with no date Abbreviate to nd, author unknown to Anon, specific edition to, eg, 2nd edn. Alcock, Leslie nd, Excavations at Dundurn, St Fillans, Perthshire, 1976-77, University of Glasgow: interim report. [No full stop after edn. Do not use superscript letters, eg 2nd edn.]
Multiple publications by author in same year Distinguish works by an author published in the same year by lower case letter after the year. 11 Forsyth 1995a, 10; 1995b, 243. Forsyth, K 1995a, 'Language in Pictland, spoken and written', in Nicoll 1995, 7-10. Forsyth, K 1995b, 'The inscriptions on the Dupplin Cross', in Bourke 1995, 237-44.
URLs End references to works on the Internet with the URL between angle brackets < >. Cite within square brackets the date the document was last updated, if this is apparent, or the date when accessed, if not: Thomas, G 2005, Bishopstone, East Sussex, <http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/classics/Bishopstone.htm> [last modified 6 October 2005] Towrie, S 2004, New dig at site of Skaill Viking hoard, <http://www.orkneyjar.com/archaeology/snusgar.htm> [accessed 28 October 2006] For electronic sources, adapt consistently to the above conventions the advice at <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html#Electronic>
List unpublished sources (including grey literature, conference papers, university dissertations and forthcoming [not 'in press'] publications) separately after the list of published items. Bintcliff, J L 2002, Changes in the countryside: a review of the picture from the archaeological surface survey for settlement history in medieval and post-medieval Greece, Thessaloniki: European Archaeological Association Annual Conference paper. Dunlevy, M 1969, Aspects of toilet combs in Ireland (prehistoric to 17th century) (unpubl MA thesis, National University of Ireland). Reynolds, A forthcoming 2006, Anglo-Saxon law in the landscape, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [titles and volume in roman script not italics]
Spell out acronyms under Abbreviations CSPD Calendar of State Papers Domestic HMSO Her Majesty's Stationery Office PRO Public Record Office (now National Archives), Kew NAS National Archives of Scotland RCAHMS Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland WoSAS West of Scotland Archaeology Service [Titles of publications in italics. Publishers and organisations in roman.]
In references to figures or tables in the same volume of Medieval Archaeology use the abbreviations Fig, Figs, Tab, Tabs (followed by arabic numerals). In references to plates, figures and tables in other books or journals (including other volumes of Medieval Archaeology), lower case abbreviations 'pl', 'fig' and 'tab' should be used. In references to illustrations in German publications use abbreviations such as 'Abb', 'Taf' and 'Tafn'.
Style details
Hyphens, en rule and em rule (Hint: see Insert > Symbol > Special characters) A hyphen is used to link words. An en rule is longer and used (without spaces) for ranges, or to convey a distinction in sense. Do not use the en rule to replace 'and' if the word 'between' is used, or 'to' if the word 'from' is used. Em rules appear only as a parenthetical dash (spaces either side). The omission of part of a word is marked by three dots or Word ellipsis symbol (Insert>Symbol>Special Character>Ellipsis), but be consistent. Numerals
Numeric ranges 1-9, 10-17, 104-9, 112-15, 123-5, 241-63, 349-412 (ie only repeat numbers when different, and for -teen years. In the case of dates, repeat decade numbers, eg 410-15, 1066-1314.
Measurements Use metric (m, mm, km, ha, gr, kg). By preference, give lengths in metres or millimetres, although the use of centimetres may occasionally be justified. When citing imperial or other systems (ft, in), their metric equivalent should follow in brackets. Leave a space between the number and the unit of measurement, eg 5 km, 3 in, 12 kg. For square and cubic measures write cu m, sq km, etc, never m2.'Square mile' in text; sq m with figures. Hint: <http://www.simetric.co.uk/> is handy for checking metric-imperial conversions.
Geographical references Give the names of counties or local authority areas (where the site lies in Britain or Ireland) and countries (abroad) in brackets after the first reference to each site. In the case of England, cite the counties resulting from the local government reorganisation of 1974, irrespective of whether or not they have survived the most recent local government reorganisation. The names of the previous 'historic' counties may follow: eg Bath (Avon, formerly Somerset) (see <http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/gazetteer.asp>). For Scotland and Wales, give the names of the new local authority areas following the most recent local government reorganisation. For Ireland, use the historical counties. Unless giving very large numbers of references, it is preferable not to abbreviate county names; the exception is the Irish counties, where 'Co' is acceptable). Hint: <http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/admin_geog.asp> will give you an overview of present administrative regions in the UK. To check which Scottish local counties a specific place or site lies in use <www.rcahms.gov.uk> (CANMORE or <www.PASTMAP.org.uk> options); English: Pastscape on <http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/>; Welsh: Coflein on <http://www.rcahmw.org.uk/nmrw.shtml>.
National grid references Cite these for all archaeological sites or historic buildings that are central to the publication, as NGR: two capital letters, space, eastings, space, northings, eg NGR: HY 2394 1234.
Compass directions Abbreviate compass directions when used adjectively (eg 'the W window', 'the S range'), and longer compounds (eg to the NNW). Hyphenate when spelling out, eg north-west. Please note that in geographical designations it is appropriate to use an adjectival form, eg 'southern England' rather than 'South England'; only use the specific, capitalised compass point when it is definitely part of a compound proper noun, eg New South Wales. A forward slash indicates alignment or axial orientation (eg 'the burial lay on an E/W alignment').
Dates: ranges AD 563x564 describes dates between which a historical event is supposed to have occurred; AD 563-64 describes the duration of the event. No points in AD and BC. 460s not 460's.
Dates: calendrical 18 July 1826, etc.
Dates: centuries Where you can use them, absolute dates (dates in calendar years or centuries) offer the clearest form of dating and are therefore to be preferred. You can use a slash to indicate a date-range: '13th-/14th-century pottery' = pottery dating from the 13th or 14th century. If it is necessary to specify dates as BC or AD, it is usual practice to write BC after the date and AD before it, eg 55 BC, AD 1066, except in the case of 'the 8th century AD'. Please note especially the use of arabic numerals for centuries rather than 'the eighth century'. Please get your hyphenation right - this is a common error.
Dates: radiocarbon Unless otherwise noted, cite radiocarbon (14C) dates in the body of the text that are calibrated (cal AD or cal BC) at 95% confidence (see Bowman, S 1990 Radiocarbon Dating (British Museum Press) and <http://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/embed.php?File=oxcal.html>. Give full details of radiocarbon ages in the form of a single table, identifying, as a minimum, the lab code, the sample material, the event likely to be dated, a 8 (delta) C13 value, the age in radiocarbon years (bp), and calibrated date ranges to the first and second levels of probability. Write + [+ underlined] not +/- Table 1 Radiocarbon dates
The 813C value may be helpful in identifying 'odd' samples and can be useful in analysing problems in the interpretation of dates. Where you give dates in calibrated form, identify the particular calibration programme with reference to a published source of calibration data (eg OxCal v3.5). You must calibrate bp dates commonly used by natural scientists if the determinations fall within a calibration curve.
Dates: periods It is essential that chronological references in the journal and other publications of the society are as consistent and unambiguous as possible. For the journal Medieval Archaeology, the medieval period (Middle Ages) is defined as the period between the end of the Roman world in the 5th century AD and the start of the modern period in Europe, most easily defined as the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation of the 16th century. The term 'medieval' must not be used to refer specifically to the later Middle Ages (11th century-16th century) in contrast to 'late Saxon', 'early Christian', 'early historic', 'Viking' etc for the earlier Middle Ages. We can recognise three major periods in all areas of Britain and Ireland, although their boundaries may vary in absolute terms from context to context according to specific historical circumstances. The early Middle Ages is the period from the end of the Roman period until the Norman conquest of England and Wales (starting in 1066) and the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland (1169). The high Middle Ages falls between this period and the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century, and the late Middle Ages runs from then until end of the medieval period. We can equally refer to these periods as the early-, high and late medieval periods. We can use the term 'Viking period' of areas and contexts with a material presence of Scandinavian character between the very late 8th century and the end of the early Middle Ages. In western and northern Scotland, you may refer, as necessary, to the high medieval period as 'late Norse'. The table below gives further chronological terms commonly and appropriately used of particular areas. Please note the preference for the terms 'early/middle Anglo-Saxon', but 'late Saxon'. Please get your capitalisation and hyphenation of periods right - this is a very common error.
*Applies to first part of high Middle Ages only
Abbreviations
AD Before Christ BC After Christ c [no italics] for circa cf Co [County - Ireland only] ed eds eg et al [no italics; do not use in body of text or in bibliography] etc figs figs [capitalise when referring to figs within the publication; write out in full when in sentences] ibid (no italics) ie [no italics] illus in situ (no italics) no 5 nos 10-11 p pp [only to be inserted in page references to avoid possible confusion] pers comm PhD pl pls [capitalise when referring to pls within the publication] tab tabs [but write out in full when in sentences]
You cannot assume everyone knows what a chemical symbol is, so explain in an endnote after first mention. Always write 'line' or 'lines' out in full rather than 'l'or 'll' for line references.
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Hyphenation In most cases, you hyphenate compound adjectives: eg '13th-century floor tiles', 'a Viking-age sword'. The principal exceptions to this rule are when the compound occurs as a complement after a verb such as is or become (eg 'These tiles are well made'), and if the first element of the compound is an adverb ending in -ly, 'a poorly fired pot'.
Post- and mid- are always followed by a hyphen; always hyphenate before -type, eg pottery-type.
Quotation marks Use single inverted commas; double inverted commas only where inverted commas occur within a set of single inverted commas. Precede a quote within text (less than c 20 words) by a comma. For long quotations use the smartquotes function of your word-processor [Tools>Autcorrect Options>Autoformat as you type>”straight quotes” with “smart quotes”]; precede long quotes with a colon, inset, don't use quotation marks, and add an endnote at the end for the source of the reference.
Authors should endeavour to follow conventional British spelling practice as closely as possible. Where this is variable, eg in the case of words ending -ize/-ise, -ization/-isation etc, authors may follow their own preferred practice, but must be consistent (note: the Editor's personal preference is for -ise).
Referring to cited authorities When referring in the text to the names of other cited authorities give their full name, if possible, on the first occasion: eg Joseph Crabtree, E T Leeds, Florence Nightingale etc. Thereafter use only the surname, except in the case of historical figures usually referred to by their full name, eg Florence Nightingale, Jane Austen.
Personal titles Please reserve use of academic titles for the acknowledgements. Always give personal titles a starting capital, eg Duke of Sutherland, King John (but note the dukes of Sutherland, English kings).
Placenames Follow the current editions of the Ordnance Survey; identify and discuss any significant variations.
Languages Italicise non-English quotations and accompany with a translation. Latin phrases adopted into English do not need to be italicised (eg in situ, et al), but use an English alternative where this is appropriate.
Format of endnotes Number endnotes consecutively throughout each article.
The text of the endnotes (double-spaced) must appear in a separate list at the end of the text of the article (pagination carrying on from the end of the article). It is preferable to use an automatic endnote system. Otherwise, put the endnote numbers within the text in superscript or, if this is not possible, in distinctive brackets, such as {}.
Normally place the number for a note after the full stop at the end of the relevant sentence. If a sentence requires more than one reference these should be collected up and given in sequence in the one note. If, in the interests of clarity, it is desirable to provide more than one note to a single sentence the numbers should still be placed, as far as possible, after a clause and after the appropriate punctuation mark.
The format of the note is number without a point, single space, text.
Appendix 1: Questions we will ask peer reviewers to address Please address the following questions, assuming that any part of your responses to 1-10 may be sent direct to the author. Your comments will be treated anonymously, unless you advise otherwise (see 14). Depending on content, some parts of 1-7, but also 11 (non-attributable comments, anonymous or otherwise), will be incorporated into the Editor's overall response to paper.
1. Is the subject matter and its treatment of international significance, or national significance and international interest? If yes, in what way? If not, why not?
2. Does the paper present an original and new contribution to the discussion? If so, how?
3. How high is the quality of application of analytical method? Does the paper distinguish itself in this way?
4. What is the standard of the academic treatment and presentation of the material and does it meet the standards to be expected of a national, peer-reviewed journal with an international readership?
5. Are the aims and objectives coherent and clearly articulated in the title, abstract and introduction? Are they followed through to the conclusion? If not, how might they be improved?
6. Are the figures, photos and tables clear, legible and relevant? If not, how might they be improved?
7. Do the references and citations appear to be appropriate and correct?
8. Specifically, how might the author improve the content of any aspect of the paper? (Please use a form of words that we can send direct to the author and provide an appropriate cross-reference to the contents of the paper, such as page and paragraph)
9. What do you require to be changed?
10. What do you recommend is changed?
11. Please note any additional comments that you do not want sent to be sent to the author.
12. Conclusions - do you regard the paper suitable for publication in Medieval Archaeology (please select one option)? - yes, in its present form - yes, with minor changes - no, or only after major modifications - no, not at all
13. How would you characterise this paper generally (please select one option)? - excellent - good - mediocre - poor - inadequate
14. Did you identify any conflict of interest in refereeing this paper? If so, please describe.
15. If the changes required are substantive or of a highly specialised nature, would you be prepared to re-read the revised paper in advance of publication? - Yes/No
16. Your response will be treated anonymously unless you offer otherwise (authors often appreciate being able to contact referees for further information). - I am/am not content for you to release my name and contact details to the author
17. Are you prepared to referee papers for Medieval Archaeology in the future?
18. If so, an indication of subjects you have a particular interest in will be helpful (please list):
Appendix 2: Summary of editorial cycle for articles and notes
Appendix 3: Checklist for submission of a contribution to Medieval Archaeology
1. Format of contents Abstract at beginning of paper, acknowledgements at end All copyrights and permissions are included in captions Figures are supplied ready mounted, where applicable Metric scale and north point on figures Minimum scanning resolution is 1200 dpi for fine line drawings (800 dpi for simple); 350-400 dpi for half tones and 300 dpi for colour images Electronic figures are supplied in tiff or jpeg format Colour images supplied as CYMK not RGB Drawings are at appropriate scale for reduction Endnotes appear in separate list at end of paper (for ease of editing)
2. Quality Figures are good design and quality Figure are of a high enough standard for reproduction
3. Things to check electronically in texts (including easy checks done with 'edit' and 'find' facility) Margins 2.5 cm all sides Double-spaced All 12 pt font (Papers only) Paras indented one tab stop (Papers only) Headings on own line and follow conventions for different levels of heading LH justified Hyphenation and ordinal superscript function set to OFF and no words broken over line ends Italics and bold only for text to appear in italics and bold in printed versions Main title: caps and lower case Consistent use of terminology for periods and capitalisation xx BC and AD xx Arabic numerals for centuries (search on 'centur' to check) and use of hypenation when used adjectivally Measurements in metric. Lengths in m or mm. If imperial, metric cited in brackets after. Space between no and unit of measurement. m mm km ha kg gr ft in Hyphenation correct; correct use of en and em-rule; and not italicised Compass directions: abbreviated when using adjectivally. -em for geographical designations. Limit use of capitalisation. c not circa Write out numbers up to and including ten. ' not “ except for quotes within quotes Consistent use of -ise or -ize
4. Other things to look out for in text Surnames only after first reference to person in body of text All endnote numbers superscript, consecutive and after appropriate punctuation mark No points with personal titles Dates 18 July 1826 format Pages numbered (notes follow consecutively from article) County names present and correct (and not abbreviated, except 'Co' for Irish counties)
5. Things to particularly look out for in endnotes p and pp only used when to avoid confusion Fig, Figs, Tab, Tabs, for ref in this volume; lower case for other publications [for German publications used Abb, Taf, Tafn] Line or lines not l or ll No unnecessary references Correct reference format
6. Things to particularly look out for in captions Captions in correct format
7. Things to look out for in bibliography All references cited in notes appear in bibliography, and vice versa. There is nothing in bibliography that is not cited in the notes. Format correct Abbreviated journal conventions correct Space between punctuation marks of abbreviations
8. To check on final printouts Hierarchy of headings marked manually Location of figures, plates and tables marked manually
9. Check presence/absence in package to Editor Two hard copies of text, including notes Two hard copies of bibliography Two hard copies of captions Two hard copies of tables Two hard copies of figures (even if digital) and it's clear which is which and what's to be cropped Figures (tiff or jpg format) on CD-ROM, if applicable (not emailed) Text, bibliography, captions, tables (separate files) on CD-ROM and/or emailed to Editor [With revised paper] Written confirmation to Editor that all copyrights checked and permissions to reproduce exist (includes online reproduction). [With revised paper] Original artwork
Appendix 4: How to capitalise and hyphenate periods
We hyphenate compound adjectives, with the exception of when these precede a reference to 'early', 'middle', 'later', etc 'period' or 'Age'.
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